1-Ralph believes that savages will not let him live alone because of the hatred between himself and Jack, he expects that Jack will get the savages after him. The deaths of Piggy and Simon assure him that he will be hunted.
2-
By the end of the novel, the order and good organization of the boys no longer exists. The conch which represented the closest thing to democracy for the boys and which had been so significant when Ralph was voted as chief is no more than “a thousand white fragments” (ch 11). Simon and Piggy are dead and Ralph is alone.When he comes across the pig’s head there is little hope for rescue or even for Ralph’s survival as Jack hunts him like he would a pig. It is ironic that as Ralph considers the possibility that Jack’s hunters might leave him alone, he compares the “lifeless” skull which is all that is left of the pig’s head, to the conch as it “gleamed as white as ever the conch had done” (ch 12). The power has shifted and now lies with Jack. Ralph wonders about the skull and is filled with “a sick fear and rage” upon which he punches the skull but to no real purpose except that now that it has broken into two pieces its grin is “six feet across.” Ralph takes the stick which Jack had so proudly instructed Roger to “sharpen… at both ends” (ch 8) and now it is Ralph who holds it as he would a spear. Ralph does not turn his back on the skull as he backs away from it and continues in his quest to protect himself.
SOURCE-ENOTES
3-Although Ralph hates the idea of savages but he still wants to spend the night at the castle rock because he wants to spend a night with humans for the companionship and protection from the chaos and fear of the night, but he realizes that they see him as the enemy. “cos I had some sense”
4- Ralph returns to spy on Castle Rock. Samneric are guarding the gates. He sneaks up to them. Frightened of Jack and Roger, Samneric beg Ralph to leave. But first they give him meat and tell him the tribe will hunt him tomorrow. Roger, they say, has sharpened a stick at both ends. Ralph doesn’t understand what this means. Ralph tells Samneric he’s going to hide in a nearby thicket so they can misdirect the tribe. As he runs off, he hears Samneric arguing with someone. Roger has sharpened a stick at both ends, exactly the same phrase used to describe the stick that had been used to put the head of the pig on display, and which Ralph has as a weapon.The sharpened stick recalls the stick on which Jack’s tribe staked the pig head. The tribe plans to hunt Ralph, the last symbol of civilization, like a pig and stake his head as an offering to the beast.
5-When the British naval officer comes ashore, he encounters what he considers very “bad form.” The island is on fire and Ralph is dirty and sobbing. As the others emerge from the smoke, their clothes are in tatters. Ironically, the officer asks the boys if they have been playing war—”We saw your smoke. What have you been doing? Having a war or something?”—and Ralph nods seriously. Then the officer asks facetiously, “Nobody killed, I hope? Any dead bodies?” However, Ralph nods in such a way that the man realizes that Ralph is telling the truth. He whistles his amazement softly to himself. Then, after a group of “painted boys” and one other boy with red hair beneath a tattered black cap who carries a pair of spectacles at his waist appear, the officer asks who is in charge. Ralph answers that he is. But, when Ralph is unable to account for how many boys there are, the officer is appalled at the lack of British order in this group of boys.
source-Enotes
6-The British naval officer is disappointed in the boys because He thought they might have only been playing a game. He is disappointed because he thought that English boys would have made a better attempt at retaining their civility.
7-It is ironic that the boys are rescued by a member of the military because his actions in war require him to bring death and destruction to opposing forces. The irony can be found in the fact that the officer immediately chatises the boys for their behavior.
8-
Ralph admits to the naval officer that he is in charge because he feels responsible for the dire conditions on the island. As the elected chief, Ralph recognizes that he has made poor decisions, which have allowed Jack to usurp power and rule as a brutal tyrant. Ralph taking responsibility also depicts his change of heart and maturation. Ralph had previously blamed everything on Jack but now realizes that he also has a savage side and has contributed to the anarchy on the island. By taking responsibility for the dire conditions on the island and the deaths of Simon and Piggy, Ralph acknowledges his inherent wickedness, which illustrates his growth and maturation.
9-After condemning the boys for their behavior, the author points out that the officer eyes his boat at anchor. After taking the boys on board They are, ironically, going to search out and destroy the enemy.
10-Just as the savagery of the boys prompt them to try to hunt down and kill their enemy, Ralph, the man on the cruiser are also out to hunt down and destroy their enemy. But if the cruiser rescues the boys, who is to rescue the cruiser and it’s crew
11-Ralph: represent civilization with its democratic processes
Piggy: represents rational thought with its imperfections and gradual breakdown.
Jack: represent savage beneath the surface which, give the proper conditions, surfaces and manifests itself in a irresponsible power and a self-destructive anarchy.
Roger: represents the sadism of people, which erupts when there are no civilizing checks to restrain it.
Simon: of all the characters, represents the spiritual side of man. He hears the Lord of the flies speak and is the first to realize that the beast is within each of us, but because of his nervousness he cannot articulate this understanding. In the end, when he tries to tell the others, he is killed.
12-Ralph’s realization of the evil that is in the world and in the hearts of people. The once-innocent Ralph is innocent no longer. Ralph realises that he has become savage, savagery won’t ever leave him alone.
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